Located at opposite ends of the European continent, Russia and Spain have experienced many similar processes in the past, which allow us to compare their evolution, especially taking into account the so-called eastern, more precisely, Islamic factor in the history and culture of the two countries from the Middle Ages to Modern times. Important intersections of inter-civilizational contacts near the borders of the Old World, Russia and Spain provide a vivid example of the interaction of East and West cultures, which often developed almost synchronously. Keywords: Russia, Spain, Eastern and Western borders of Europe, Islam, Arab culture, intercivilizational interaction, Middle Ages, Modern times. Waves of migration of peoples and tribes swept through the lands of Spain and Russia, contributing to the formation of large centers of economic and cultural exchange as early as the turn of the 2nd-1st millennium BC. The Ibero-Libyan civilization of the Mediterranean, which united heterogeneous ethno-cultural elements, was then spread from the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb-in the west, to Egypt and Syria - in the east. At the same time, the ethno-cultural symbiosis of the ancestors of the Iranian-Slavic peoples contributed to the formation of early centers of statehood on the plains of the future Russia as early as in the 1st millennium BC. The arrival here in the first centuries AD of Turkic nomads (Huns, Khazars, Pechenegs, etc.), as well as Alans and a number of Germanic tribes, including The Goths and Scandinavians (Suevs, Vikings-Varangians, etc.), together with the wide presence of Finno-Ugric peoples, determined the multinational appearance of modern Russia. In turn, the invasion of the Alans, and then the Germanic peoples-Suevs, Vandals, Goths (Visigoths)-in the Iberian-Celtic space beyond the Iberian Ridge caused the ethno-cultural diversity of Spain. The first contacts of the peoples of Russia and Spain with Arab-Muslim culture took place at an early stage of t ... Read more