Socio-cultural processes in the Eneolithic of the Ural region were associated with both evolutionary changes in local post-Neolithic societies and migration activity of the population of more southern territories, which significantly complicates the cultural and historical analysis of archaeological materials. Until recently, the chronology and periodization of the Ural Eneolithic was based primarily on stratigraphy, artifact typology, and researchers ' intuition. The article analyzes more than 150 radiocarbon dates obtained for different regions of the Urals and adjacent territories. The beginning of the Eneolithic period in the Volga-Ural region at the turn of the VI and V millennia BC is associated with migrations of the carriers of the ceramic traditions of the Vyezzhensk and Khvalyn types. In the second half of the 5th millennium BC, local Eneolithic traditions were formed: the Tok and Turganik Volga-Urals, comb and lozhnurovaya Trans-Urals, Noeoilinskaya and Garinsko-Bor Kama regions. The most recent is the beginning of the Eneolithic on the territory of Northern Kazakhstan. Keywords: Eneolithic of the Urals, chronology, radiocarbon dates, ceramic traditions. Introduction The chronology and periodization of the early metal epoch in the Urals can only be considered in the general context of the Volga-Ural and West Siberian processes. At the beginning of the Eneolithic, and then at the turn of the Eneolithic period and the Bronze Age, migration activity was noted in the southern part of the region, which led to the transformation of the foundations of the socio-economic system. In the northern part, the process of transition from the Neolithic to the Eneolithic was of an evolutionary nature. The changes that took place radically changed the appearance and composition of archaeological sites, making it very difficult to compare different groups: pit burials contain a minimum amount of utensils, which is the main cultural diagnostic category for Eneolithic sites a ... Read more