Introduction This article is devoted to the description of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic monuments discovered during the survey of the Manasseh Hills located on the eastern slopes of the Samara Mountains. Exploration work in this area began in 1978 at the initiative of Professor A. Zertal, whose goal was to study the geographical and historical processes in Samaria during the Iron Age (Zertal, 1984). In the 1970s, archaeological research was almost nonexistent there, and geological surveys and publications were very few. This area has been preserved in an undisturbed state, which makes it possible to gradually carry out thorough exploration work. Soon after they began, a huge amount of materials was obtained on all periods of ancient history, and the need for archaeological and natural-scientific research in a large area became obvious. As a result of these surveys, approximately 1,500 archaeological sites have been identified; 968 of them have already been published [Zertal, 1992, 1996, 2004, 2005; Zertal and Mirkam, 2000]. The importance of exploration activities should not be underestimated. It opens up opportunities for potential research in the future and captures facts that may be irretrievably lost if bulldozers or other modern equipment start working in the area. After determining the general direction, exploration activities in the Manasseh hills continue today under the leadership of Prof. In the first years of work, ancient history and prehistoric stone artifacts were obviously not part of the research objectives. Subsequently, the situation changed and flint, which was the main raw material for making Stone Age tools, became the main source of information for studying prehistoric monuments and populations in the territory that was practically Terra Incognita. The research area is a hilly arid zone (Zertal, 2005, pp. 24-25, fig. 9). Since historical times, human activity here has been concentrated mainly in valleys (Figure 1). Sediments in this hilly a ... Read more