Introduction The population of any region develops to a large extent through its interaction with its closest neighbors, and often with the participation of groups that are significantly geographically distant, but are involved in ethnogenesis by events of different nature: mass migrations due to changes in the ecology of the environment, redistribution of geopolitical influence and the related structure of interethnic relations, transformations in the sphere of material and spiritual culture. societies, etc. In historical retrospect, we observe a change of cultures and peoples in the same territory. An objective approach to the history of the population of any region requires an analysis of the continuity of all structural elements of multicomponent ethno-cultural formations, including genetic continuity. This aspect of the problem has long been solved by methods of physical anthropology, which allowed us to extract genetic information only indirectly. The current stage of development of biological science provides an opportunity to study the genetic history of populations by means of DNA extracted from paleoanthropological material. Studying the structure of gene pools by analyzing DNA sequences gives a more detailed idea of the origin of populations. It is now customary for the history of human exploration of any part of the ecumene to be decided by the joint efforts of archaeologists, physical anthropologists and geneticists. Physical anthropology allows us to scan the morphological features of the entire array of remains of carriers of ancient cultures provided by archaeologists and identify key episodes in the reconstructed processes of formation of their anthropological composition. This helps to orient the time-consuming genetic analysis in such a way that sufficient information can be extracted at minimal cost to determine the ethno-cultural space in which different groups of the population are found. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Sc ... Read more