From 3 to 8 October 2012, Rhodes Island hosted the 10th annual session of the Rhodes World Public Forum (OIF) "Dialogue of Civilizations", which brings together scientists, politicians, businessmen, artists and cultural figures representing a variety of traditions, cultures and beliefs from different countries of the world. The OIF works with State, public and religious institutions on the basis of implementing and developing the principles of cooperation, mutual understanding and dialogue among civilizations. OIF regional conferences are held in Europe and Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas. The forum is headed by the Dialogue of Civilizations Council of Co-chairs, which includes V. I. Yakunin (Russia), Founding President of the Russian Foundation for Oriental Studies, N. Papanikolaou (USA/Greece), President of Titan Capital Corporation, and A. Gusenbauer, Federal Chancellor of Austria from January 2007 to December 2008. take part in meetings and round tables, participate in discussions. Among them - Director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, corresponding member. RAS V. V. Naumkin, V. A. Isaev, A.V. Akimov, V. M. Nemchinov, I. D. Zvyagelskaya, V. A. Shageev, A. K. Alekberov, L. M. Ravandifadai, A.V. Sarabyev and many others.

The Rhodes OIF brought together more than 500 experts in politics, economics, religion, science and culture from 65 countries. Among them are state and political figures from Russia and foreign countries, representatives of traditional religions and Christian confessions, diplomats, scientists and journalists from various countries of the world.

The plenary session was devoted to the topic " Socio-political transformations: a chance or a challenge to dialogue?". Speakers included Vladimir Yakunin, Greek Foreign Minister Dimitrov Avramopoulos, Nobel Prize-winning chemist Curl Robert (USA), President of the International Movement for a Just World Chandra Muzaffar (Malaysia), Vice-President of the Nishan Forum Organizing Committee, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Phoenix TV Li Changle (China). Co-Chair of the OIF A. Gusenbauer (Austria), Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kairat Kilimbetov, cosmonaut pilot, Secretary General of the OIF O. Atkov (Russia), Special Adviser on International Affairs of the Administration of the Vice-President of the Republic of the Philippines Francisco Tatad, Winner of the International Prize

"Pax Christi" for 2012 by Archbishop J. Onayekan (Nigeria), Special Representative of Iran's Expresident Khatami - Gholam Ali Khoshroo.

A video message was shown to the participants of the forum by Noam Chomsky (USA), as well as official greetings were read out. For example, the Director of the Intersectoral Platform for a Culture of Peace and Countering Violence, K. K., read out a speech on behalf of UNESCO. The Wall (France). Greetings from the Russian Orthodox Church read out by Fr. Vladimir, Metropolitan of Omsk and Tarsky (Russia), from the Russian Foreign Ministry - Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs M. L. Bogdanov.

Various problems of the Eastern countries were discussed at the forum. Thus, the topic" The Arab Spring and its consequences "was devoted to the" round table", which was attended by representatives of many Arab countries. The situation in the post-Soviet space, or rather, along the Central Asian track, was considered. The round table "Results and Prospects of regional integration in the Eurasian space" was headed by Adviser to the President of the Russian Federation, acad. S. Y. Glazyev, Russian Academy of Sciences. Such well-known economists as A. E. Aivazov, M. L. Khazin, S. A. Goldobin (all Ukraine) and others made presentations. The question of how to organize the post-Soviet space was discussed. And although more than 20 years have passed since the collapse of the USSR, this problem remains relevant. The question was raised: does it make sense to combine, if not political, then economic efforts in order to jointly solve numerous problems?

A lively discussion took place at the plenary session on "Towards a common good economy", which was triggered by a speech by Hans Joerg Rudloff (Great Britain), Chairman of the Board of Directors of Barclays Capital ¹. He presented a point of view that coincided with the main trend in the development of the economically developed part of the capitalist world and the world economy before the current global financial and economic crisis. The free flow of capital is a huge boon, as not only speculative capital, but also direct investment flows between countries, bringing with it technology and business experience.

V. I. Yakunin noted that there has been no free market economy for 30 years, and financial flows are independent of the real economy. Li Xin, director of the Institute of World Economy at the Shanghai Academy of International Studies, said that the country's economic recovery has been difficult to attract foreign investment. The role of foreign companies in China is large, but their social responsibility is small.

V. V. Popov, Adviser to the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (Russia), analyzed in detail the features of the acute phase of the crisis in 2008-2009. It showed that the expansion of the credit superstructure relative to GDP in recent years has been unprecedented. For transition economies, large capital inflows before the crisis and large outflows during the crisis were devastating.

An important comment was made by the founder and Director of the "Alternatives" Research Center, Professor T. Manasseryan of the University of Antwerp (Armenia). He said that in the modern world, the trust of economic entities in each other is decreasing, which does not contribute to development and the common good.

Summarizing the results of the discussion, Director of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences R. S. Grinberg (Russia) emphasized that a golden mean between equality and inequality is needed. The attempt to build equality ends in a decline in economic efficiency, and growing inequality leads to a socially inefficient society. Currently, inequality in the world is unacceptably high. For several decades, the state as an economic agent has been demonized in various circles of society. He was pushed out of the implementation of economic policy. We need to restore the role of the state as a regulator of development.

A lively debate arose during the discussion of the topic "Modern migration: the end of tolerance?". These discussions were moderated by L. I. Grafova, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Forum of Migrant Organizations International Public movement (Russia), and the Director of the N. N. Miklukho-Maklay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, AKAD. RAS V. A. Tishkov (Russia). In his speech, Professor Peter Van Kriken of Webster University (Netherlands) said that migration is a multidimensional phenomenon. In his opinion, migration is the result of many causes, such as war, repression, economic and environmental realities, etc. There are three main types of migration: labor, refugees, and family migration. Most migration flows are linked to some form of violence. Not-

¹ One of the largest financial conglomerates in the UK and the world, with a broad presence in Europe, the US and Asia. The conglomerate operates through its subsidiary Barclays Bank.

rarely do migration flows themselves become the cause of tension, repression, environmental and economic shocks. Thus, migration can be a solution to many problems, but at the same time a source of new troubles.

Professor of the University of Tennessee A. V. Korobkov (USA) noted that the US migration policy shows a number of features and problems similar to those faced by Russia. In particular, the possibility of loss of national unity and the development of ethnic conflicts and uncontrolled strengthening of the federal authorities under the pretext of combating terrorism and illegal immigration is feared.

However, in general, the US experience shows that immigration is of great benefit and that the State can accept and integrate large numbers of migrants without jeopardizing the foundations of democracy. At the same time, there is a need to find new forms of immigration policy that are effective in combating illegal immigration. This is especially important when a relatively prosperous country borders on poorer and more labor-intensive states (it is interesting to note that the gap between the United States and Mexico in GDP per capita production is 5.5 times, which roughly corresponds to the gap between Russia and the average of the five poorest countries in the post-Soviet region).

As the well-known political scientist Joseph Nye wrote, the modern world is characterized by"blurring of borders". In fact, as part of the process of globalization, stimulated by both market and technological factors, the formation of a global labor market is taking place. Neither the United States nor Russia can ignore this reality when implementing their migration policy.

Paolo Ruspini, a senior researcher at the University of Lugano (Switzerland), in his report "Migration policy and current reality in the European Union and the Russian Federation", stressed that Russia faces the same problems as the European Union: demographic imbalance, low birth rate, and population aging. In his opinion, Russia could use the experience of the EU migration policy.

N. S. Khruseeva, Head of the Department of Psychology of Crisis and Extreme Situations at St. Petersburg State University, "Psychological aspects of immigration policy", noted the main contradiction between the indigenous population and migrants: the indigenous population, protecting their cultural norms and traditions, opposes their erosion and does not accept the norms of behavior and customs of "strangers". Migrants, for their part, experience the following traumatic experiences: loss of roots, nostalgia for their homeland, loss of their own Self (identity crisis) in learning a language and a new culture, "alien complex", separation from children, feelings of guilt towards those left behind in their homeland, etc. How to find a compromise between the psychological difficulties experienced by the indigenous population of the country from the influx of migrants, and the experiences of migrants who find themselves in a new linguistic socio-cultural environment? The answer lies in the overlap between the acculturation strategies that are preferred in the host country and the acculturation strategies that migrants are able to adapt to. There are four types of acculturation: assimilation, integration, marginalization, and separation. If they coincide, then there is a relatively painless entry of immigrants into the new society. If these strategies are opposed, then there is sometimes a dramatic picture of the relationship between the dominant majority and the subordinate minority.

L. M. Ravandi-Fadai (Russia) reviewed the problems of migration from Asia and North Africa to Europe, described her research conducted in refugee camps from Afghanistan, Iraq and other countries in Patras (Greece). Noting the terrible sanitary conditions of their detention, she stressed that since the majority of refugees are poorly educated representatives of the lower social strata, who come with their baggage of hard life trials and whose actions are unpredictable, an uncontrolled increase in their number can lead to a number of serious economic and political problems in the host countries themselves, as well as lead to an increase in crime.

Presentations were made by: President of the Global Association of Migration Policy Experts (GMPA) Patrick Taran (Switzerland); Head of the Research Center of the Moscow Psychological and Social University O. D. Vorobyova; researcher at the University of Coimbra and senior lecturer at the University of Porto Gois Pedro (Portugal); Head of the Laboratory of the Institute of National Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences Zh. A. Zayonchkovskaya; Deputy Head of the Department Professor of the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University, member of

Government Commission on Migration Policy I. V. Ivakhniuk; Head of the Department of Political Science and Civic Education of the Moldovan State University V. G. Mosniaga; Professor of the University of California at Santa Barbara Elver Hilal (Turkey) and others.

In conclusion, the participants of the round table stated::

1. Migration plays a special role in the dialogue of civilizations. The dialogue is carried out through living people who move around the world. Migrants are representatives of different civilizations, and it is largely thanks to them that not only the development of the modern world economy is ensured, but also the mutual enrichment of cultures takes place.

2. Migration is an inevitable companion of globalization. The scale of migration is growing and will continue to grow. The structure and directions of migration flows are becoming more complex, and the perception of migration is changing accordingly. The problem is overgrown with myths and fears, which is why ethnic, religious and cultural diversity turns into a confrontation. Most often, this is due to inefficient management of migration processes.

3. Inconsistent migration policies in both donor and host countries lead to an increase in illegal migration and numerous violations of migrants ' rights. Discrimination and inequality of opportunities exacerbate the contradictions in a society where social cohesion (civil peace) it is objectively the only form of peaceful interaction between people. The current disillusionment with the policy of multiculturalism only means the need to find a new format for integration policy, which should be based not so much on the belief in the universality of "Western values", but on the objective interdependence of "old" and "new" members of society, their mutual respect and trust.

4. The uneven demographic and economic development of various countries of the world objectively creates conditions for territorial redistribution of labor resources, creating demand for them in those regions that have a relatively higher economic potential. National labor markets are the main regulators of global labor migration.

5. Along with the political, economic, religious, and cultural problems of migrants, there is a huge layer of psychological problems. Children's relationships with their parents are changing, family values are being destroyed, and protest moods are growing as compensation for the lack of value, tension, humiliation, and loss of life's meaning. A special role is played by the psychological rejection of migrants by the host society.

6. The severity of problems associated with modern migration forces us to reconsider the "win-win-win" formula, which has become popular at the international level in recent years, which implies equal benefits from migration for the three parties involved: the countries of departure, the countries of entry and the migrants themselves. The benefits received by more developed countries that attract migrants, especially highly skilled workers, are not comparable to the remittances received by countries of origin, which, however, often turn into a dubious advantage: There is a growing dependence on transfers, and this does not contribute to the country's economic progress. At the same time, migrant remittances are paid for at a high social cost in the countries of departure: children who have grown up without parents form a generation of socially disoriented people who are poorly adapted to modern life.

7. The key to solving many migration-related problems lies in the hands of civil society. In implementing the integration policy, States simply need to create and widely involve non-governmental organizations( NGOs), migrant, religious and diaspora structures. In this regard, the role of the Dialogue of Civilizations OIF is particularly growing, which is a unique platform for exchanging views and experience of representatives of NGOs and government agencies from different countries of the world.

8. Migration is one of the most important factors contributing to overcoming poverty and to a more even distribution of material goods between countries and regions. As a result, migration amortizes conflicts on a global scale. Due to the rapid increase in the scale of migration and the development of migration networks, the role of migration as a means of communication between peoples and civilizations is growing. Given the urgency and fateful nature of migration in the modern world, it would be advisable to include monitoring of global migration processes and their social impact in the program of the Rhodes Forum and bring the discussion of the problem to the plenary level.

A round table "Post-secular dialogues: Mount Athos and the experience of updating traditions" was held, dedicated to the spiritual role of the Athos monastery (Greece), where the development of Christianity, the formation of a value vacuum and the gap in the continuity of religious traditions were discussed. Hence the natural difficulties of modern man in communication, in restoring a full-blooded religious life, and, as a result, the mass spread of superstitions and surrogates of religions.

Another "round table" - "The legacy of J. Kapoor and the problems of modern futurology" was devoted to the cultural and philosophical concept of the outstanding Indian thinker Jagdish Kapoor, who deeply and convincingly defended the humane principles of a multipolar world order, in particular basic human values, the formation of socio-ecological principles of a new philosophy of life.

At the end of the plenary session, speakers included: Co-Chair of the OIF, Professor of the Faculty of Philosophy and Political Science at the University of Notre Dame Dellmire Fred (USA), Minister of Industry and Agro-Industrial Complex of the Eurasian Economic Commission, Prime Minister of the Republic of Belarus in 2003-2010 S. S. Sidorsky, Member of the Indian National Congress, former Member of the Parliament of India Ayyar Mani Shankar (IndiaAlexander Sarkissian (Great Britain), Founding President of the International Eurasian House in London. The plenary session ended with presentations by moderators of the round tables.

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