On May 23-24, Ulan-Ude hosted an international scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the Republic of Buryatia (RB), organized by the Government of the Republic, the People's Khural of the Republic of Belarus, the Institute of Mongolian Studies, Buddhology and Tibetology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation. The conference was attended by 111 scientists from Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Yakutsk, Abakan, Kyzyl, Ufa, Elista, Minusinsk, Chita, Ulan-Ude, Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia), Darkhan (Mongolia), Kobdo (Mongolia), Beijing (China), Hohhot (China). 189 reports and presentations were made. They discussed issues of national and state building in Buryatia; socio-economic development of the national regions of the USSR and Russia; ethno-cultural processes in Buryatia; historical experience and modern problems of modernization; the role and place of modern Buryatia in the country and in the world; the activities of prominent political and public figures of the Buryat people B. B. Baradin, Ts. -D. Rinchino in the history of Buryatia.

Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Belarus V. V. Nagovitsyn and Chairman of the People's Hural of the Republic of Belarus M. M. Gershevich addressed the conference participants with greetings. Plenary session

B. V. Bazarov (Ulan-Ude), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the Presidium of the BSC SB RAS, Director of IMBT SB RAS, made a report "The Republic of Buryatia is 90 years old". He noted that the main achievement of the Republic of Belarus is the national relations that have developed over the years - a complex of stable contacts and interactions between ethnic groups in a single social space in the structure of economic, social, political, cultural and spiritual processes. Significant democratic changes in the state and public structure of the republic contributed to the activation of the indigenous population's activities to revive the national language and culture, and the formation of civil society organizations and associations. At the same time, the activities of state bodies in the field of education, science and culture, creative intelligentsia for the revival of all ethnic groups of Buryatia were intensified. This was largely facilitated by the implementation of the Law of the Republic "On the Languages of the Peoples of the Republic of Buryatia", which created a regulatory framework and conditions for the preservation and development of both state languages and the languages of all peoples living in the territory of Buryatia.

In the report of the Chairman of the Committee for Archives of the Republic of Belarus A. A. Elaev (Ulan-Ude), the transformation of the Buryat national autonomy into a federal subject was considered. The author stated that to create an effective mechanism for protecting the ethnic collective rights of peoples and ethnic groups, to coordinate their interests and settle interethnic and inter-confessional contradictions, certain external and internal conditions and, of course, time are needed. The report of L. M. Dameshek (Irkutsk) was devoted to the study of the process of incorporation of the territory and population of the Aginsky and Ust-Orda Buryat districts into the economic, economic and socio-cultural mechanism of the Russian Federation. The districts are firmly involved in the economic, economic and socio-cultural processes of the Irkutsk Region and the Trans-Baikal Territory. Nevertheless, the Buryat population of the three subjects of modern Russia is a single ethnic group. The speaker believes that an important task of the authorities of all levels, the public and especially the intelligentsia of these regions is to promote the preservation and development of traditional Buryat culture, identity, and native language.

In the report, Ch. Dashdavaa (Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) considered the role of Buryat democrats in the Mongolian revolution, in the formation of the system of bourgeois-democratic power in 1921-1928. The speaker negatively characterized the activities of the Executive Committee of the Comintern, which, in his opinion, led to a "coup d'etat" in Mongolia. K. B.-M. Mitupov's report (BSU, Ulan-Ude) was devoted to modeling statehood in Inner Asia. The analysis of the modern economy and social development of the Republic of Buryatia was given in the report of N. I. Atanov (BSU).

The conference was held in five sections and two round tables.

Section "National and state construction".

In the report of V. N. Tuguzhekova (Abakan) "On the issue of national-state construction in Khakassia", it was noted that over 70 years of development, the Khakass Autonomous Region has become one of the most developed national-state regions of the country, where modern industry, a powerful energy base, and balanced agriculture have been created. By the early 1990s, Khakassia ranked sixth among the autonomous regions of the Russian Federation in terms of economic development, just behind Tatarstan, Bashkiria, Udmurtia and Chuvashia in the European part of the country and behind Yakutia in Siberia. The achieved socio-economic level of development, the growth of national consciousness of people raised the question of raising the status of the autonomous region to the level of a republic. By the Law of the RSFSR of June 3, 1991. The Khakass Autonomous Region was transformed into a republic within the Russian Federation. After the collapse of the USSR, the formation continued in new conditions.

L. E. Vinokurova (Yakutsk) reviewed the modernization processes of state construction in Yakutia in the 1920s.The special role of M. K. Ammosov, the authorized representative of the Sibrevkom for the organization of Soviet power and party work in Yakutia, was noted in resolving the issue of the need to separate the Yakut region as an independent provincial unit. To a large extent, thanks to M. K. Ammosov and his associates, the speaker believes, Yakutia received the status of an autonomous republic, which became a solid foundation for its statehood.

In report A.3. Badmayeva (Ulan-Ude) discussed the role of the Komsomol in the process of democratization. The speaker noted that since the mid-1980s, in the republic, with the assistance of the Buryat Regional Government,-

a new private enterprise sector of the economy was emerging in the depths of various youth centers, which soon replaced the main activity of the Republican Komsomol. In 1991, the Komsomol ceased to exist. Its legal successor in the Republic of LKSM-RSM-SMB constantly lost its personnel base, the number of members of the organization was reduced. Most of the primary organizations have collapsed. The organizational and ideological crisis also engulfed the staff of Rescom, the Union of Buryatia Youth, which was concerned about its own survival, trying to officially legalize commercial activities under the "banner" of the SMB.

I. N. Troshkina's report (Abakan) was devoted to the social development of Khakassia in the XX-early XXI centuries. Analyzing quantitative and qualitative indicators of various branches and areas of the social sphere of Khakassia, the speaker came to the conclusion that the social development of Khakassia was marked by periods of recovery in the early XX century, the heyday of the 1950s-1980s, and the crisis of the 1990s-2000s. Currently, the social state can be assessed as insufficiently stable, but promising. Positive aspects are noted in the development of the cultural sphere.

V. V. Bazarova (Ulan-Ude) spoke about the activities of the state apparatus in the national regions of Eastern Siberia in the 1920s and 1930s. One of its important areas was work related to the improvement of the Buryat language (writing, spelling, grammar), which was necessary not only for the general improvement of culture and literacy of the population, but also for the implementation of office work in state institutions in the Buryat language.

Section "Socio-economic and cultural modernization of national regions of Siberia: historical experience and current problems".

The topic of A. M. Plekhanova's speech (Ulan-Ude) is the economic development of the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR in the 1920s in the context of modernization processes.

E. N. Badmaeva (Elista) studied the process of socio-demographic changes in the Kalmyk village in the 1930s and early 1940s. It was noted that the rural population was declining, while the number of their inhabitants was growing significantly. In the future, the modernization processes carried out in the country at that time led to an increase in agricultural production, but mainly due to the expansion of sown areas to the detriment of high-quality, intensive growth factors.

Development of education and culture in Buryatia in the 1920s-1930s. Topic of the report by T. V. Budaeva (Ulan-Ude). In the 1930s, a number of measures were taken for domestic and cultural construction. Collective farms, state farms and industrial associations became the first centers of transformation of the life of peasants, centers of social and cultural life of uluses. Magazines and newspapers were subscribed to collective farms, movies were shown, and sports competitions were held. Measures were taken to introduce sanitation and hygiene into everyday life, improve homes, build baths, nurseries and gardens, schools, reading rooms, red yurts, houses of Buryat women and clubs.

In the report of I. V. Garbuz (Ulan-Ude), the categories of the Trans-Baikal peasantry at the end of the XIX century were studied. The peasant class of Transbaikalia during this period was a diverse social group, which included:: old-timers, new settlers, settlers ' children, exiles, native and late-born Cossacks, as well as settled foreigners. The total number of peasants-old-timers and settled foreigners, the speaker concludes, prevailed in Western Transbaikalia; immigrants, settlers, Cossacks of indigenous and late origin were more numerous in Eastern Transbaikalia; exiles were evenly distributed throughout the region.

M. N. Baldano (Ulan-Ude) focused on industrialization in Buryatia. Report by S. Chuluun (Ulaanbaatar) It was devoted to the study of the material and spiritual culture of the Hotogoits of Mongolia in the XIX-early XX centuries, the report of T. Dorzh (Ulaanbaatar) - the problems of Russian-Mongolian economic cooperation, and the speech of S. V. Baldano (Ulan-Ude) - the provincial intelligentsia as an object of the repressive policy of the Soviet state. new data on repressions against the intelligentsia of the national regions of Southern Siberia. According to her calculations, 318 people suffered in Khakassia during the period of mass repressions, and 78 representatives of the national intelligentsia were repressed in 1937-1938.

In the report of R. S. Kharunov (Kyzyl) The issue of training specialists for the Tuvan People's Republic in the 1930s at the Mongolian Workers ' Faculty in Ulan-Ude was considered. The speaker noted that at that time the Government of the USSR paid great attention to the training of foreign students in order to strengthen its influence in Asian countries.

The role of collective farms in the formation and development of the agricultural sector of Khakassia was studied in the report of G. M. Shaposhnikov (Abakan). The share of collective farms in 1940 accounted for 73.8% of the sown area. With the organization of collective farms, the sown area in Khakassia increased to 61.3 in 1930 and to 220 thousand hectares. ha by 1940 compared to 3,1 thousand ha in 1917. The share of sown area cultivated by collective farms in Khakassia was 67.8% of the total sown area in 1950, and in 1956 it decreased to 47.8%. Until 1957, the collective farm fields continued to be processed by MTS tractors and combines. Meanwhile, the number of cattle on collective farms remained almost at the same level for 25 years. The speaker believes that the government's policy of transforming collective farms into state farms is aimed at strengthening the levers of administrative influence in order to be able to withdraw production products from the peasants.

M. M.-B. Kharunova (Kyzyl) analyzed the role of the Russian factor in the modernization of traditional Tuvan society. At the first stage of its modernization (late XIX - mid XX century), the role of Russia was decisive. As a result of a number of transformations in Tuva - the establishment of a protectorate, the formation of a Russian self-governing labor company, and others-modernization was gaining momentum. The main factor of changes was the growth of new infrastructure associated with a sedentary lifestyle, new types of economic activities, and industrial development of the region. Equally important was the spread of the European system of education, science, healthcare, and leisure.

The reports of V. K. Petonov, N. N. Khozhenoeva, L. V. Badmaeva, E. Yu. Bashkuevta, A. S. Breslavsky (all Ulan-Ude) were devoted to the study of the current migration situation in Buryatia, external labor migration, rural-urban migration and its impact on the formation of the suburban zone of Ulan-Ude.

Section " Ethno-cultural processes in Buryatia "(subsection T).

Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A. P. Derevyanko (Novosibirsk) summed up the results of the study of the Paleolithic of Central Asia in the light of the findings and discoveries of recent decades. In the report of Quan Rong (Hohhot, China), a comparative analysis of various historical publications of Altantobchi was carried out. The report of Xiqinmeng (Beijing, China) was devoted to the study of sources of Tibetan and Mongolian Gesar. The report of Suyaalatu (Hohhot, China) examines the materials on Geser found in Inner Mongolia. V. B. Ignatieva (Yakutsk) discussed the problem of ethno-cultural diversity in the context of the regional model of national policy.

The topic of B. S. Dugarov's speech (Ulan-Ude) is "Prisayanye as a sacred center of the Buryat-Mongolian ethnic community". He noted the common ethnic origins and ethno-cultural unity in the past of the Mongols and Buryats of the Sayan-Khubsugul region based on the analysis of common genealogical myths and historical legends.

I. Ya. Selyutina, N. S. Urtegeshev, A. A. Dobrynina, and T. R. Ryzhikova (all from Novosibirsk) investigated the commonality and specificity of the articulatory bases of Mongolian ethnic groups.

B. 3. Nanzatov (Ulan-Ude) undertook a cartographic analysis of the history of Buryatia (late XIX-first half of XX century). Previously unknown maps were first introduced into scientific circulation. vv. Ushnitsky (Yakutsk) examined the historical destinies of the Turkic peoples in the Baikal region, O. I. Charina (Yakutsk) - the existence of Russian songs, M. M. Sodnompilov (Ulan-Ude) - the symbolism and semantics of traditional clothing of the Mongolian peoples in accordance with its use in ritual, E. V. Sundueva (Ulan-Ude) - the toponymy of the Okinsky district. Sambuudorj Island (Ulaanbaatar) - cultural relations of Mongolian-speaking peoples in the context of writing systems developed at different times, Ts. Oyun (Kobdo, Mongolia) factors influencing the study of the Mongolian language in ethnic groups in Mongolia. V. Byambasuren (Darkhan, Mongolia) presented an overview of cultural studies in Mongolian universities. D. A. Burchina (Ulan-Ude) studied the semantics of the arrow image in the Buryat uligers, N. N. Nikolaeva (Ulan-Ude) classified demonological characters in the Buryat epic.

The problem of studying the social status of a character in Russian historical prose and historical legends was discussed in the reports of A. G. Igumnov and E. L. Tikhonova (both Ulan-Ude). Oral stories in the system of genres of Buryat folklore - the theme of the speech of E. Y. Damdinova (Ulan-Ude). A. I. Buraev (Ulan-Ude) reviewed anthropological research in Buryatia.

S. V. Vasilyeva (Ulan-Ude) traced how various aspects of the culture and lifestyle of the Old Believers of the Baikal region were reflected in the regional literature.

AD. Gombozhapov (Ulan-Ude) analyzed the image of a nomad animal breeder of modern Mongolia. Zh. Sh. Sanzhanov (Ulaanbaatar) S. Khuvsgul (Ulaanbaatar) presented a report on the analysis of socio-political vocabulary and its role in publicistic discourse (based on the material of the newspaper "Buriyad-Mongol-un Unen"). S. Khuvsgul (Ulaanbaatar) considered modern approaches to the study of the word-forming system of the Mongolian language.

Section " Ethno-cultural processes in Buryatia "(subsection 2).

M. Gantuya (Ulaanbaatar), based on the results of sociological studies conducted over the past decades on the religiosity of modern Mongols, noted the growing influence of shamanism and various Christian denominations in modern Mongolia. she told about the rite of summoning happiness "Dallaga".

I. S. Urbanaeva (Ulan-Ude) in her report "Buddhism in a comparative context" considered the problem of authenticity of the Buddhist teachings of Japanese and Chinese Buddhists in the 1980s, as well as various modern interpretations of Buddhism, and noted the growing trend towards convergence of modern Buddhist philosophy and Western science.

A. K. Khabdaeva (Hohhot, China) presented the historical aspects of the formation of the Pandido Institute of the Hambo Lama in Russia. T. E. Manzanov (Ulan-Ude) spoke about the religious beliefs of the Russian population of the Republic of Buryatia, noting the growing influence of the Russian Orthodox Church over the past decade. N. D. Bolsokhoeva (Ulan-Ude) devoted the report to life and the activities of the outstanding Tibetan medical figure Kyonrab Norbu (1883-1962), the founder of the Mengjikhan Medical Institute in Lhasa.

L. L. Abayeva (Ulan-Ude) addressed the issue of traditional and non-traditional religions and confessions in ethnic Buryatia at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. D. V. Ayusheyeva (Ulan-Ude) noted the peculiarities of the development of Tibetan Buddhism in America, and D. S. Zhamsueva (Ulan-Ude) studied the semantics of rituals in Buryat datsans.

L. E. Yangutov (Ulan-Ude) revealed the peculiarities of the development of Buddhism in Buryatia in the 20-30s of the XX century, caused by the civil war, collectivization and repression against the Buddhist clergy, as well as internal changes in the Buryat Buddhist sangha of that time.

V. M. Mitypov (Ulan-Ude) analyzed the activities of the Council of Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR in the context of the general state policy towards the Buddhist church. B. P.-D. Rinchinov (Ulan-Ude) the influence of Orthodox monasteries on the culture of modern Buryatia and Mongolia, A. A. Savelyev (Ulan-Ude) - historical dynamics of the formation and development of Christian churches in Buryatia.

Section "Modern Buryatia in the country and the world".

V. G. Zhalsanova (Ulan-Ude) summed up the results of a sociological study of Buryats in the structure of the rural population of Buryatia (late XX-early XXI century). The standard of living of the majority of the rural population is at a low threshold, combined with a high level of poverty and low wages. There is a deterioration in the overall demographic situation due to a reduction in the population due to increased migration of young people, while the remaining part of the population is moving to subsistence personal subsidiary farming, returning to nomadic cattle breeding.

I. N. Dashhibalova (Ulan-Ude) based on the film documents of the East Siberian Newsreel Studio traced the dynamics of changes in the image of a villager in newsreels from 1920 to the 1980s. Yu. G. Byuraeva took revenge on the features of the territorial organization of the population of the Republic of Buryatia, D. D. Badaraev ( Ulan-Ude) - features and trends in the formation of the middle class in the region G. B. Eshmatova (Gorno-Altaisk) She studied such social factors as spiritual, moral and political unity, which, in her opinion, are the basis for the stability of society.

N. E. Elaeva (Ulan-Ude) and L. V. Namrueva (Elista) presented their reports on the problems of studying identity in the context of interethnic relations.

E. V. Petrova, Ya. P. Lamazhapova and D. B. Badmayeva (all - Ulan-Ude) discussed the functioning of self-government bodies and self-organization of society in the Republic of Buryatia; T. N. Boyak (Ulan-Ude) - problems of youth in the context of development and education; T. L. Trifonova (Ulan-Ude) aspects of the formation of interethnic families in the Republic of Buryatia. Buryatia.

Within the framework of the conference, two round tables were organized: "Bazar Baradin-an outstanding political and public figure of the Buryat people" and "Elbek-Dorji Rinchino in the history of the national democratic movement of the Mongolian peoples".

The first round table discussed the problems of historical experience of socio-cultural modernization, enlightenment and culture of Buryatia in the 1920s and 1930s, the role of B. B. Baradin in the socio-political life of the republic and the formation of academic science in Buryatia. The discussion was held on the issues of periodization of the formation of statehood of the republic; the position of the Datsan clergy in relation to the Buryat autonomy. Topical issues of modern historiography of national-state construction in the 1920s and 1930s in Buryatia were raised. The role of Ts.Zh. Zhamtsarano, one of the founders of the Buryat Scientific Committee, who, along with B. B. Baradin, was at the origin of the creation of modern academic science, educational institutions, culture, art, and healthcare, was discussed. It was decided that it is necessary to develop and continue work on the creation of the electronic database "Bazar Baradin".

The second round table was devoted to discussing the role and significance of E.-D. Rinchino in the formation of Buryat and Mongolian statehood, the problem of the state and national statehood in the public discourse of modern Buryatia, and the terminology of the Buryat autonomist movement of 1917-1919. The participants of the round table were presented with an electronic presentation "Documents on the activities of E.-D. Rinchino from the GARB funds" (V. Ts. Lyksokova).

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